Crude oil is the unrefined, naturally occurring petroleum product extracted from underground reservoirs. Composed of hydrocarbons and other organic materials, crude oil is the lifeblood of the modern industrial economy. It serves as the primary feedstock for a wide range of refined products including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, lubricants, and petrochemical derivatives. Crude oil is classified by its density (light to heavy) and sulfur content (sweet to sour), which influence its market value and refining complexity. As a globally traded commodity, crude oil impacts economic policies, energy security, and geopolitical strategies. Its continuous demand across industrial, transportation, and energy sectors makes it an indispensable resource in global trade